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Reinforced Steel

Reinforcing Steel General Properties
 
General properties are those properties common to all concrete materials. These properties have labels and values described hereafter:
 
Reinforcing Steel General Properties
Name
Material name
 
Type
Structural steel
 
E
Elastic modulus
Automatically defined from material library
 
ν
Poisson ratio ()
Default value depends on the active code:
ν = 0.3        Eurocode 2 (Art 3.1.2)  
ν = 0.3        ACI (Art 116R-45)
ν = 0.3        CEB-FIP (Art 2.1.4.3)
ν = 0.3        EHE (Art 39.9)
ν = 0.3        BS 8110
ν = 0.3        GB50010
 
ρ
Density
 
Act. time
Activation time
 
Deact. time
Deactivation time
 
G
Shear modulus. Is calculated using the formula:
 
α
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion
Default value depends on the active code:
α = 1.0E-5 (ºC-1)    Eurocode 2 (Art 3.1.2.5.4)  
α = 1.0E-5 (ºC-1)    ACI 318 (Art 116R-45)
α = 1.0E-5 (ºC-1)    CEB-FIP (Art 2.1.8.3)
α = 1.0E-5 (ºC-1)    EHE (Art 39.10)
α = 1.0E-5 (ºC-1)    BS 8110 (Part 2: 7.5)
α = 1.0E-5 (ºC-1)    Australian Standard 3600
α = 1.0E-5 (ºC-1)    GB 50010
α = 1.0E-5 (ºC-1)    NBR 6118
α = 1.0E-5 (ºC-1)    AASHTO Standard Spec. for H. B.
α = 1.0E-5 (ºC-1)    Indian Standard 456
α = 1.0E-5 (ºC-1)    Cπ 52-101-03
α = 1.0E-5 (ºC-1)    ITER Structural Design Code for Buildings
Damping
Damping properties
 
Steel type
Iron alloy phase:
Austenitic
Non austenitic
 
 
 
Reinforcing Steel Specific Material Properties
 
Specific material properties are always available for a particular material, regardless of the code under which the material was defined.
 
Reinforcing Steel Specific Properties
Analysis σ-ε diagram
Analysis stress-strain diagram. Each different type of stress-strain diagrams are available depends on the code for which the material was defined. Apart from available diagrams supported by the codes, it is possible to define new diagrams by changing the table data.
SAε:  Strain values corresponding to a point of the diagram.
SAσ: Stress values corresponding to a point of the diagram.
 
Design σ-ε diagram
Design stress-strain diagram. Each different type of stress-strain diagrams are available depends on the code for which the material was defined. Apart from available diagrams supported by the codes, it is possible to define new diagrams by changing the table data.
SDε:  Strain values corresponding to a point of the diagram.
SDσ: Stress values corresponding to a point of the diagram.
 
ε max
Maximum admissible strain in tension at any point of the section (Point A in the pivot diagram).
Sign criterion: + Tension, - Compression
The initial value depends on the active code:
ε max = 0.010    Eurocode 2 (Art. 4.3.1.2 and Art. 4.2.2.3.2)
ε max = 0            ACI (there is no limit)
ε max = 0.010   CEB-FIP
ε max = 0.010   EHE
ε max = 0           BS8110
ε max = 0.010   GB50010
ε max = 0.010   NBR6118
ε max = 0           IS456
ε max = 0.025   Cπ52101
 
 
Reinforcing Steel Specific Code Properties
 
There are some properties in CivilFEM that are code dependent. Code dependent properties are described hereafter for reinforcing steel materials supported by CivilFEM.
 
Reinforcing Steel σ-ε diagrams
Codes
Analysis σ-ε diagram
Design σ-ε diagram
EC2_08,  EC2_91, ITER, EHE-98 and EHE-08
Bilinear
BilinearHorizTopBranch
BilinearInclinedTopBranch
ACI318, ACI349, ACI359, AS3600 and AASHTOHB, CEB-FIP , BS8110, GB50010, NBR6118, IS456, Cπ52101
Bilinear
Bilinear
 
1. Eurocode 2 (Reinforcing Steel) Properties
 
For this code, the following properties are considered:
 
Eurocode 2 Reinforcing Steel Properties
γs
Partial safety factor (GAMs  0) 
γs = 1.15 (default value)
 
fyk
Yield strength. Indicates the characteristic value of the applied load over the area of the transverse section
 
ftk
Tensile limit strength. Refers to the characteristic value of the maximum axial load in tension over the area of the transverse section
 
fyd
Design strength fyd = fyk/ γs
 
εuk
Characteristic elongation at maximum load (εuk  0)
 
 
Stress Strain Diagram for Structural Analysis
 
The available stress-strain diagrams for Eurocode 2 are the following:
 
 
a)     Definition of the elastic diagram
 
Number of diagram points = 2
 
The sign criterion for the definition of points of the stress-strain diagram is as follows:
 
 
Strain points are the following:
 
 
Stress points are the following:
 
 
b)     Definition of the bilinear diagram
 
Number of diagram points = 4
 
The sign criterion for the definition of points of the stress-strain diagram is as follows:
 
 
Strain points are the following:
 
 
Stress points are the following:
 
 
Stress-Strain Diagrams for Section Analysis
 
The different types of stress-strain diagrams available are:
 
 
a)     Definition of the bilinear diagram with horizontal top branch stress-strain
 
Number of diagram points = 4
 
The sign criterion for the definition of points of the stress-strain diagram is as follows:
 
 
Strain points are the following:
 
 
The corresponding stress points are the following:
 
 
b)     Definition of the bilinear diagram with inclined top branch stress-strain
 
Number of diagram points = 4
 
The sign criterion for the definition of points of the stress-strain diagram is as follows:
 
 
Strain points are the following:
 
 
The corresponding stress points are the following:
 
 
 
2. ACI 318-05 (Reinforcing Steel) Properties
 
For this code, the following properties are considered:
 
ACI 318-05 Reinforcing Steel Properties
fy
Yield strength (Art. 3.5)
fyd
Design strength
 
Stress Strain Diagram for Structural Analysis
 
The available stress-strain diagrams for ACI 318-05 are the following:
 
 
a)     Definition of the elastic diagram
 
Number of diagram points = 2
 
The sign criterion for the definition of points of the stress-strain diagram is as follows:
 
 
Strain points are the following:
 
 
Stress points are the following:
 
 
b)     Definition of the bilinear diagram
 
Number of diagram points = 4
 
The sign criterion for the definition of points of the stress-strain diagram is as follows:
 
 
Strain points are the following:
 
 
Stress points are the following:
 
 
Stress-Strain Diagrams for Section Analysis
 
The different types of stress-strain diagrams available are:
 
 
a)     Definition of the bilinear diagram
 
Number of diagram points = 4
 
The sign criterion for the definition of points of the stress-strain diagram is as follows:
 
 
Strain points are the following:
 
The corresponding stress points are the following:
 
 
 
3. CEB-FIP (Reinforcing Steel) Properties
 
For this code, the following properties are considered:
 
CEB-FIP Reinforcing Steel Properties
γs
Partial safety factor (GAMs  0)  (Art. 1.6.4.4)  
γs = 1.15 (default value)
 
fyk
Yield strength (Art. 2.2.4.1)
Indicates the characteristic value of the applied load over the area of the transverse section
 
ftk
Tensile limit strength (Art. 2.2.4.1) 
Refers to the characteristic value of the maximum axial load in tension over the area of the transverse section
 
fyd
Design strength (Art. 1.4.1 b) 
fyd = fyk/ γs
 
εuk
Characteristic elongation at maximum load (Art. 2.2.4.1) 
(εuk  0)
 
Stress Strain Diagram for Structural Analysis
 
The available stress-strain diagrams for CEB-FIP code are the following:
 
 
a)     Definition of the elastic diagram
 
Number of diagram points = 2
 
The sign criterion for the definition of points of the stress-strain diagram is as follows:
 
Strain points are the following:
 
 
Stress points are the following:
 
 
b)     Definition of the bilinear diagram
 
Number of diagram points = 4
 
The sign criterion for the definition of points of the stress-strain diagram is as follows:
 
 
Strain points are the following:
 
 
Stress points are the following:
 
 
Stress-Strain Diagrams for Section Analysis
 
The different types of stress-strain diagrams available are:
 
 
a)     Definition of the bilinear diagram with horizontal top branch stress-strain
 
Number of diagram points = 4
 
The sign criterion for the definition of points of the stress-strain diagram is as follows:
 
 
Strain points are the following:
 
 
The corresponding stress points are the following:
 
 
 
4. EHE (Reinforcing Steel) Properties
 
For this code, the following properties are considered:
 
EHE Reinforcing Steel Properties
γs
Partial safety factor (GAMs  0)  (Art. 15.3)   
γs = 1.15 (default value)
 
fyk
Yield strength (Art. 31.1 & Art. 38.2)
 
fyd
Design strength (Art. 38.3) 
fyd = fyk/ γs                             (+ Tension)  
 
fycd
Design compressive strength. (Art. 40.2)
fycd = Min (fyd, 400 Mpa)    (+ Compression)
 
fmax
Characteristic tensile strength (Art. 38.2)  
fmax = 1.05·fyk                       (+ Tension)  
 
Stress Strain Diagram for Structural Analysis
 
The available stress-strain diagrams for EHE are the following:
 
 
a)     Definition of the elastic diagram
 
Number of diagram points = 2
 
The sign criterion for the definition of points of the stress-strain diagram is as follows:
 
 
Strain points are the following:
 
 
Stress points are the following:
 
 
b)     Definition of the bilinear diagram
 
Number of diagram points = 4
 
The sign criterion for the definition of points of the stress-strain diagram is as follows:
 
 
Strain points are the following:
 
SAε   (1)= -ε max
SAε   (2)= -fyk/Ex
SAε   (3)= fyk/Ex
SAε   (4)= ε max
 
Stress points are the following:
 
SAσ (1)= -ftk
SAσ (2)= -ftk
SAσ (3)= ftk
SAσ (4)= ftk
 
Stress-Strain Diagrams for Section Analysis
 
The different types of stress-strain diagrams available are:
 
 
a)     Definition of the bilinear diagram with horizontal top branch stress-strain
 
Number of diagram points = 4
 
The sign criterion for the definition of points of the stress-strain diagram is as follows:
 
 
Strain points are the following:
 
 
The corresponding stress points are the following:
 
 
b)     Definition of the bilinear diagram with inclined top branch stress-strain
 
Number of diagram points = 4
 
The sign criterion for the definition of points of the stress-strain diagram is as follows:
 
Positive (+) Tension, Negative (-) Compression
 
Strain points are the following:
 
 
 
The corresponding stress points are the following: